When Claudia Sheinbaum was elected president in June 2024 with over 58% of the vote, her victory marked a historic milestone for Mexico. As the country’s first female head of state, and a former mayor of Mexico City with a doctorate in energy engineering, Sheinbaum’s ascent was both symbolically significant and institutionally consequential. One year into her presidency, the balance between continuity and change defines her administration’s trajectory.
Sheinbaum’s leadership has diverged from that of her predecessor in tone more than substance. While she has maintained flagship social programs such as ‘Sembrando Vida’ and ‘Jóvenes Construyendo el Futuro’, her approach has been more technocratic and data-driven. Her emphasis on science-based policymaking, particularly in areas like climate policy and public health, contrasts with the populist style that characterized the previous administration. Yet the core priorities—state-led development, expansive welfare policies, and a strong executive—remain largely intact.
Institutionally, Sheinbaum faces the challenge of governing within a system where judicial independence is fragile and regulatory bodies have been politicized. While her administration has not reversed these trends, it has also not significantly deepened them. Critics argue that the centralization of power continues under a different guise, with limited progress on transparency or checks and balances. Civil society groups have voiced concern over stalled reforms to strengthen judicial autonomy and combat impunity.
Sheinbaum’s presidency signals tonal change more than structural transformation in Mexico’s political institutions.
Gender representation at the executive level has improved visibly under Sheinbaum’s presidency. Her election has catalyzed greater visibility for female candidates at state and municipal levels, contributing to a broader shift in political culture. However, structural barriers persist. Despite Mexico ranking 25th globally in female parliamentary representation, policy outcomes related to women’s rights and safety remain uneven. Symbolic breakthroughs have not yet translated into systemic change.
On economic matters, Sheinbaum has sought to reassure investors while preserving the state’s central role in strategic sectors. Tensions with private actors—particularly in energy—have continued, though her administration has adopted a more measured tone in negotiations. Internationally, relations with the United States and regional partners have remained pragmatic, focused on migration management, trade continuity, and energy cooperation.
The first year of Sheinbaum’s presidency suggests an evolution in governance style rather than a rupture in institutional direction. Her scientific background and managerial approach have introduced a different rhythm to federal decision-making. Yet the underlying architecture—marked by executive dominance and limited institutional counterweights—remains largely unchanged.
As Mexico enters the second year of this historic presidency, the question is whether Sheinbaum will leverage her mandate to pursue deeper institutional reforms or continue navigating within inherited constraints. The answer may shape not only her legacy but also the future contours of Mexican democracy.
